《眾妙之門 ──〈道德經〉雙語解讀》 林楚菊著述
第六十四章
其安易持(1),其未兆易謀(2),
其脆易泮(3),其微易散(4)。
為之於未有(5),治之於未亂(6)。
*[合抱之木,生於毫末;
九層之台,起於累土;
千里之行,始於足下。]*(7)
*[為者敗之,執者失之。]*(8)
*[是以聖人無為故無敗,無執故無失。]*(9)
民之從事,常於幾成而敗之(10)。
慎終如始(11),則無敗事。
*[是以聖人欲不欲,不貴難得之貨;
學不學,復眾人之所過,
以輔萬物之自然而不敢為。]*(12)
註釋
(2) 兆,即開始、萌芽。謀,即籌劃。
(3) 脆,即柔脆,指細微之時。泮,即消融、化開、分解。
(4) 散,即消散、打散。
(5) 為,即做;未有,即尚未發生。
(6) 全句意思:當動亂還沒有發生就進行治理。
(7) 此六句註家認為是錯入,應放在第63章,意思會更連貫。
(8) 此兩句已見都第29章,註家認為是錯入。
(9) 此兩句註家認為是錯入,應該放在第29章。
(10) 幾,即接近、幾乎。
(11) 慎,即慎重、謹慎。
(12) 此五句註家陳鼓應認為是錯入,應該放在第六十三章。
通行版本原文
第六十四章
其安易持,其未兆易謀,
其脆易泮,其微易散。
為之於未有,治之於未亂。
合抱之木,生於毫末;
九層之台,起於累土;
千里之行,始於足下。
為者敗之,執者失之。
是以聖人無為故無敗,無執故無失。
民之從事,常於幾成而敗之。
慎終如始,則無敗事。
是以聖人欲不欲,不貴難得之貨;
學不學,復眾人之所過,
以輔萬物之自然而不敢為。
白話語譯
General Version
Chapter 64
It is easy to maintain a situation while it is still secure.
It is easy to deal with a situation
before symptoms develop.
before symptoms develop.
It is easy to break a thing when it is yet brittle.
It is easy to dissolve a thing
when it is yet minute.
when it is yet minute.
Act on a thing when it has not yet begun.
Deal with the situation
when it is not yet in disorder.
when it is not yet in disorder.
A tree that can fill the span of a man’s arms
grows from a downy tip.
grows from a downy tip.
A terrace nine storeys high rises from a heap of earth.
A journey of a thousand miles starts from beneath one’s feet.
Whoever does anything to it will ruin it.
Whoever lays hold of it will lose it.
Therefore the sage does nothing
and he never ruins anything.
and he never ruins anything.
He does not lay hold of anything,
so he loses nothing.
People, when handling affairs,
often come close to completion but fail.
If they are as careful in the end as in the beginning,
they would have no failure.
Therefore the sage desires not to desire.
He does not value goods that are hard to come by.
He learns to be without learning.
He makes good the mistakes of the multitude
in order to help all creatures to be natural
and to refrain from daring to act.
經註評家修訂後的版本
第六十四章
其安易持,其未兆易謀,其脆易泮,其微易散。
為之於未有,治之於未亂。
民之從事,常於幾成而敗之。
慎終如始,則無敗事。
白話語譯
情況在穩定時容易維持,壞事在沒有萌芽時容易對付,糾紛在細微之時容易消解,問題在微小的時候容易解決。要在事情還沒有發生前,就把該處理的問題解決好;當動亂還沒有發生就進行治理。百姓做事,常常在接近成功時失敗。做事情時如果能在終結時也像開始時保持謹慎小心的態度,也就不會有失敗的事情了。
Revised Version
Chapter 64
It is easy to maintain a situation while it is still secure.
It is easy to deal with a situation before symptoms develop.
It is easy to break a thing when it is yet brittle.
It is easy to dissolve a thing when it is yet minute.
Act on a thing when it has not yet begun.
Deal with the situation when it is not yet in disorder.
People, when handling affairs,
often come close to completion but fail.
If they are as careful in the end as in the beginning,
they would have no failure.
賞析與點評
這就是本章要說明的大要,在事情還是細微的時候,問題還是十分輕微的時候,就要趕快處理,不可不了了之。等待問題變得十分巨大的時候,眉在迫睫的時候,這時才處理就十分困難了。這是人們常常經歷到的情況。一般人都不會謹慎小心處理事情,只有遇到重大的事情,起初還會提醒自己要謹慎小心,日子久了就會鬆懈,所以老子說,一般人做事常常在接近成功時才失敗,那是因為人們愈接近成功,就愈是快活,樂極生悲,忘記了在成功關頭還須小心為上,最後階段的疏忽就會招致失敗。得道的人由一開始到最後,對待事情都是十分小心翼翼地處理,從不鬆懈,所以才不會失敗。
《道德經》指出成功之道就是要小心謹慎,而且是從開始到最後,都要謹慎小心。誰人可以做到?一般人沒有辦法做到,疏忽、魯莽與懶惰是沒有修道的人的劣性,如何擺脫這劣性?必須要有自我約束的生活方式,目的是要悟道得道,只有這生命方向的人才會經常提醒自己小心謹慎。
這就是印度遠古時代修行者所重視的身心鍛鍊(Sadhana),就是放棄物質欲望的感觀享樂,專注內在精神的提升,使自己內在淨化了的精神成為真正掌管自己生命的主人。印度自古以來的修行之道也不是叫人們捨棄一切人生責任,而是如何把履行人生的責任看成是對神主的奉獻,不會計較任何結果與得失,這樣的人生就可以得到解脫,這與《道德經》教導人們順應自然而作事,與道合一同在,有異曲同工之妙!
“The doer who is free of attachment, does not have pride, but is equipped with patience, cheerfulness, and not disturbed by the success or lack of success in the action is called Sattwic doer." ( Bagawa Gita, 18:26) 🌿☘🕊
回覆刪除老子的“無為而為“,在《博伽梵歌》中有清楚的解說。博伽梵即神主的意思,即神主之歌。
Bagawa is name of the Godhead. Gita means songs. The song of the Godhead.